Bekhorot 28: words to know

אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ (ibaya lehu): a dilemma was raised before them. Introduces an inquiry into how to interpret the mishna's timeline.
תְּיוּבְתָּא (tiyuvta): a definitive refutation. Concludes that Rabbi Elazar's position is decisively refuted by the baraita.
לְמַאי נָפְקָא מִינַּהּ (lemai nafka mina): what is the practical halakhic difference?. Asks what practical legal result stems from resolving the preceding dilemma.
דִּינָא דִּגְרָמֵי (dina degarmi): liability for damage caused by indirect action. Used to question whether the mishna reflects Rabbi Meir's view.
טָעָה בִּדְבַר מִשְׁנָה (ta'ah bidvar mishna): erred concerning an explicit mishnaic law. Identifies an obvious judicial error that automatically revokes a ruling.