Before you learn Bekhorot 44

Where we left off

The previous daf debated the definition of a חָרוּם (flat-nosed priest). That discussion concludes at the very top of our daf.

Which physical anomalies of the eyes, limbs, and organs disqualify a priest from serving in the Temple?

מַרְאִית הָעַיִן (appearance of a blemish): Certain physical conditions are not Torah-level blemishes. The Sages disqualified them because they look like genuine defects to onlookers.
מְרוֹחַ אָשֶׁךְ (mero'ach ashekh): This biblical defect disqualifies a priest from the Temple service. Tannaim debate whether it refers to missing, crushed, or swollen testicles, or dark appearance.
זַכְרוּת (inner bone core): This refers to the core bone inside an animal's horn or hoof. Its removal determines whether a sacrificial animal is disqualified or redeemed.

Rava (רָבָא, Amora): He categorizes eye disqualifications using five scriptural terms, matching each term to a specific eye defect.
Rav (רַב, Amora): He teaches that Moshe was ten cubits tall, proportional according to the Tabernacle's cubit measure.
Rav Chisda (רַב חִסְדָּא, Amora): He discusses whether atypical animal horns and hooves disqualify sacrifices or permit redemption.
Rabbi Chanina ben Antigonus (רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס, Tanna): He interprets a biblical blemish as abnormally dark appearance by rearranging the letters of the verse.